The Sun rises at 03:21 and sets at 19:04. These times are essential for planning outdoor activities, photography, or just enjoying nature.

The golden hour is the period of soft, warm light perfect for photography and occurs shortly after sunrise and just before sunset. In Parma, the golden hour starts at 02:43 and ends at 04:33 in the morning and then again at 17:51 in the evening, ending at 19:42.

Civil twilight is the first and last phase of twilight. In the morning, civil dawn begins at 02:17, marking the time when there's enough light for most outdoor activities. In the evening, civil dusk happens at 20:08, right after sunset at 19:04.

Nautical twilight is the period when the Sun is 6-12 degrees below the horizon, commonly used by sailors to navigate at sea. In Parma, nautical dawn starts at 00:24 and nautical dusk occurs at 22:01.

Astronomical twilight occurs when the Sun is 12-18 degrees below the horizon, and the sky is dark enough for astronomers to observe faint celestial objects. Astronomical dawn in Parma starts at -, while astronomical dusk ends at -.

Whether you're looking to enjoy a beautiful sunrise in Parma or planning to photograph during the golden hour or blue hour, it's essential to know these key solar events and their times.