The Sun rises at 09:39 and sets at 12:33. These times are essential for planning outdoor activities, photography, or just enjoying nature.

The golden hour is the period of soft, warm light perfect for photography and occurs shortly after sunrise and just before sunset. In Parma, the golden hour starts at 08:31 and ends at N/A in the morning and then again at N/A in the evening, ending at 13:40.

Civil twilight is the first and last phase of twilight. In the morning, civil dawn begins at 07:59, marking the time when there's enough light for most outdoor activities. In the evening, civil dusk happens at 14:12, right after sunset at 12:33.

Nautical twilight is the period when the Sun is 6-12 degrees below the horizon, commonly used by sailors to navigate at sea. In Parma, nautical dawn starts at 06:43 and nautical dusk occurs at 15:28.

Astronomical twilight occurs when the Sun is 12-18 degrees below the horizon, and the sky is dark enough for astronomers to observe faint celestial objects. Astronomical dawn in Parma starts at 05:38, while astronomical dusk ends at 16:33.

Whether you're looking to enjoy a beautiful sunrise in Parma or planning to photograph during the golden hour or blue hour, it's essential to know these key solar events and their times.